In the late 1950s and the early 1960s, the newly established Communist State suffered a natural disaster for three years running. The mistake of Great Leap Forward and Soviets' pressing for the repayment presented severe difficulties for national economy. In 1961, under the leadership of Mao Zedong, all the Chinese leaders went to the forefront to do investigation. Based on the life of Premier Zhou Enlai between May 3 and May 7, 1961, when he investigated extensively and scientifically the rural situation in Huaxi of Guiyang and the old revolutionary base Boyan Township of Hebei.